Monday, January 28, 2013

Reading Responses! Armstrong, Pressman, and Slater.


Is it really week four, you guys? How did we get to almost a month in so quickly?

Reading through the Armstrong chapters for this week there were a couple things that instantly stuck out to me, the first and foremost being that she seems against Christianity in some way. She says things like, “The Christians of Aelia did not seem to have got off to a good start here: it did not seem as though the experience of living in the city where Christ had died and risen again had inspired them to live up to their noblest ideals,” (p 47), and “Yet Christians had thought that they were above this type of piety. They had proudly proclaimed that theirs was a purely spiritual faith that was not dependent upon shrines and holy places,” (p189/16). I mean, I’m not an expert in this field or this time period or anything, nor am I particularly religious, but it seemed as though she was putting down Christianity (at least during this period) more than commenting on the history. Oddly enough though she also seemed to have something against the word synagogue too, referring to it only once (that I found) and mentioning it as “synagogue” – quotation marks and all (p189/16 for those interested), or calling it “their church.” I mean, I don’t see a connection here but I just thought it was interesting that she seemed a little biased against Christianity but still preferred to call synagogues ‘churches.’

There were so many interesting new facts in these chapters though – I kind of loved it. I had no idea that earlier Jews practiced praying in the direction of Jerusalem if they were travelling (like Islam and Mecca!) – does anyone know if that’s still in practice? Let’s be honest, I know next to nothing about Judaism but I thought that was a really cool link between Judaism and Islam, even if the cities in question are/were different.

Another fun new fact was that she repeatedly said that Christians were not interested in the physical city of Jerusalem, but more in the heavenly Jerusalem, and that not many Christians came to the city as tourists. Eusebius could only name four pilgrims, and one of them, Melito, only came for scholarly reasons. “Thus Jerusalem had no special status on the Christian map.” P46 She also showed how that evolved over the chapters, and how it became an important city. And then there was the whole “Jesus was Logos in the flesh” / Paganism combining with Christianity concept fascinating. I’ve never given much thought about how the religions clashed during that time period – I mean, I knew in theory that Christianity had Pagan elements in it, and I knew that they had to mix them to make it better accepted, but I’ve never sat down and actually thought about the people during the time period who were experiencing it and who believed it or anything.

I’m going to have to admit though, the whole “great balls of fire erupting from the earth and a giant cross appearing in the sky” thing was weird. As was the practice of licking the holy places - Kissing religious places and stones in Jerusalem is a common thing, but I cringed when I read that people licked the stones! I’ve kissed the star in the Church of Nativity and the tomb in the Resurrection Church, but licking them?! No, no, no. Nope.

In regards to the Pressman article, I have a lot to say.

I like that he mentions that the slogan “a land without a people for a people without a land” was false as Arabs lived there, and that he mentioned the rising Arab nationalism as a response to Zionism. He also mentions that Arab literacy was comparatively low and as a result the spreading nationalist ideologies were limited, but he doesn’t mention the oral component of Arab culture at all. Arab traditions were spread orally through songs and plays and coffee shops – socialising is an important part – it would have been interesting if he found some sources that mentioned how nationalism was affected by that (though obviously understandable that he couldn’t find sources).

I did find it interesting that he did not mention that a country in South America (I forget which one) was also a possible location for a Zionist/Jewish state when they were looking for one. Palestine/Israel was chosen for political reasons, though some people pushed for it because of religious reasons (Herzl being one of them). I thought he skimmed over a lot of the initial conflicts. He doesn’t mention that initially, Arabs and Jews got along fairly well and were not in direct opposition to each other. It was the British officers and the Jewish settlers who initially began to disagree, and that around the time the British military left the area that the Arabs and Jews were in conflict. He also doesn’t mention the reasoning behind the rejection of the resolution – I used to know why it was, but it was something about being perceived as unfair and Jerusalem itself. I’ll have to look it up properly. I wish he would have mentioned it more specifically because I feel like that was a very important point in the conflict that could have impacted everything following it!

I liked that Jeremy outlined the history so we have a timeline, but I didn’t like that he skimmed over a lot of important points and didn’t mention others. “Arabs and Israelis did not fight again until 1967” implies that there was little or no conflict at the time, and that’s not true. Sure, no major fighting/wars broke out, but there were daily struggles and miniature fights as would appear between any two people trying to occupy the same land. I like that he tries to remain unbiased, but I think he could have improved upon his article by elaborating on why the conflict started and going into the history of each people more. I mean, sure, it would have been a lot longer, but skimming over their history and saying things like “Arabs and Israelis did not fight again until 1967” seems to me like it was a bit oversimplifying a very complicated period/conflict.

I really liked Slater’s article compared to Pressman’s. Yes, it condemned Israel’s methodology, but only in the way that it was against the war crimes. It was shocking to read that the then chief of staff of the IDF Gur actually believed that civilians deserved to be bombarded. I’d heard about people saying that Israel had militants who believed that (and obviously there are Palestinians/Arabs who believe the same of Israeli civilians) but to actually see it written out is kind of shocking.

Slater’s article was an easy read, and I liked that he elaborates on war moral philosophy – something that I would never seek out or know anything about. There was a lot of history in his article and sometimes it got a bit dense, but for the most part it was an interesting read.

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